Internet Usability Importance

Internet Usability Importance Internet usability is a very important activity that helps to improve the internet-user interface mainly by utilizing domain names. Internet usability refers to the design and positioning of a website for ease of interaction with the users.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Usability Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Internet usability entails such activities as web site design, human-computer interaction, Web site usability, online brands, and online marketing, among others (Bevan, Kirakowski Maissel 1991). Domain names are an essential ingredient in the process of trying to enhance the internet- user interface. Effective domain name policy is thus important in improving internet usability. The application of domain names is different from one country to another and this may result in contradictory domain name policies, thereby inconveniencing end users. There are enormous benefits associated with improved internet usability including higher customer satisfaction, higher sales, reduced support costs, and higher productivity. Internet usability is also affected by the application of domain name policies. Available literature calls for the establishment of standards for use by domain name policy makers in their quest to enhance domain names usability. Modern day domain name policies differ markedly within a country and between countries. As a result, these contradictory policies tend to inconvenience end users, in effect reducing the certainty of the domain name of a given entity. Nielsen (2003) opines that when users are examining how credible a given destination is, they often have to use domain names. Consequently, the ability to predict these kinds of domain names is paramount. In a recent study conducted by Cutrell and Guan (2007), the researcher found out that users spent nearly a quarter of their time (25%) while online searching for various domain names on different sea rch engines. It is important to understand the concept of usability and how it can be tested. Usability refers to the interaction between a system and / or product with the user. Usability is an assessment of the potential of a product to fulfill the objective of the user.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Product usability can be determined by visual consistency, ease-of-use, as well as a coherent, spelt out process for evolution. Internet users use the usability testing technique to assess the task time, ease-of-use, and the perception of users about the experience they have had with the internet. A formal usability testing of the internet entails the use of a usability lab armed with video cameras. On the other hand, usability testing can also be done informally, in which case paper mock-ups of either a web site on a given application are utilized. Various renowned web sites have enrolled the services of usability engineers who ensure that the site is friendly and easy-to-use, to give the customers a positive experience. Some of the parameters that may be used to measure usability include satisfaction, acceptability, and performance (Bevan, Kirakowski, Maissel, 1991). In addition, Nielsen (2003) argues that domain names are a very critical element of web user interface. Nielesen (2003) further opines that individuals will try and guess the different names of sites that they may have visited previously, or not. The allocation of domain names in a consistent manner may enhance website usability. Some of the benefits associated with improved website usability include reliable domain name structures, enhanced usability for end users, as well as steadfast internet access through following of the established domain name allocation standards. Domain branding enhances internet usability. Arnodl (2007) contends that there is scarcity of experimental studies on domai n name branding. Separately, Haara and Nilsson (2000) are of the opinion that unforgettable domain names are crucial in helping to enhance online brands. Similar sentiments have also been echoed by Nielsen (2003), who further argues that individuals will attempt to deduce the names of different domains for those sites that they may or may not have had an experience with before. The usability and predictability of domain names is largely dependent on successful domain name policy. If at all we hope to overcome the challenges associated with poor domain name usability, there is the need to implement a policy evaluation framework for the domain name in question.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Usability Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Internet usability refers to the design and positioning of a website for ease of interaction with the users. In order to improve internet usability, there is need to ensure effective domain name policy. Some of the benefits associated with improved internet usability include higher sales, reduced support cost, enhanced customer satisfaction, and higher productivity. Website engineers use such parameters as satisfaction, acceptance, and performance to test internet usability. The branding of domain names also leads to enhanced internet usability. Reference List Arnold, B., 2007. auDA and dot-au statistics. Web. Bevan, N., Kirakowski, J., Maissel, J.,1991. What is Usability? Proceedings of the 4th  International Conference on HCI. Stuttgart, Germany: Elsevier. Cutrell, E., Guan, Z., 2007. An eye-tracking study of information usage in Web search: Variations in target position and contextual snippet length. Conference on  Human Factors in Computing Systems. San Jose, California, USA: Microsoft Research. Haara, A., Nilsson, G.., 2000. The Web Site as a Brand an Empirical Investigation of Four Online Companies. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nielsen, J., 2003. Usability 101: Introduction to Usability. Web. Appendix   Graphic Organizer

The Most Controversial Plays of the 20th Century

The Most Controversial Plays of the 20th Century The theater is a perfect venue for social commentary and many playwrights have used their position to share their beliefs on various issues affecting their time. Quite often, they push the boundaries of what the public deems acceptable and a play can quickly become very controversial. The years of the 20th century were filled with social, political, and economic controversy and a number of plays written during the 1900s addressed these issues. How Controversy Takes Shape On the Stage An older generations controversy is the next generations banal standard. The fires of controversy often fade as time goes by. For example, when we look at Ibsens A Dolls House we can see why it was so provocative during the late 1800s. Yet, if we were to set A Dolls House in modern day America, not too many people would be shocked by the plays conclusion. We might yawn as Nora decides to leave her husband and family. We might nod to ourselves thinking, Yep, theres another divorce, another broken family. Big deal. Because theater pushes the boundaries, it often evokes heated conversations, even public outrage. Sometimes the impact of the literary work generates societal change. With that in mind, lets take a brief look at the most controversial plays of the 20th century. Springs Awakening This caustic critique by Frank Wedekind is one  of hypocrisy and societys flawed sense of morality stands up for the rights of adolescents. Written in Germany in the late 1800s, it was not actually performed until 1906. Springs Awakening is subtitled  A Childrens Tragedy. In recent years Wedekinds play (which has been banned and censored many times during its history) has been adapted into a critically acclaimed musical, and with good reason. The storyline is saturated with dark, brooding satire, teen angst, blossoming sexuality, and tales of innocence lost.The main characters are youthful, likable, and naive. The adult characters, in contrast, are stubborn, ignorant, and almost inhuman in their callousness.When the so-called moral adults rule by shame instead of compassion and openness, the adolescent characters pay a heavy toll. For decades, many theaters and critics considered Springs Awakening perverse and unsuitable for audiences, showing just how accurately Wedekind critiqued turn-of-the-century values. The Emperor Jones Although it is generally not considered the best play by Eugene ONeill, The Emperor Jones is perhaps his most controversial and cutting-edge. Why? In part, because of its visceral and violent nature. In part, because of its post-colonialist criticism. But mainly because it did not marginalize African and African-American culture in a time when openly racist minstrel shows were still considered acceptable entertainment. Originally performed in the early 1920s, the play details the rise and fall of Brutus Jones, an African-American railway worker who becomes a thief, a killer, an escaped convict, and after journeying to the West Indies, the self-proclaimed ruler of an island. Although Jones character is villainous and desperate, his corrupt value system has been derived by observing upper-class white Americans. As the island people rebel against Jones, he becomes a hunted man and undergoes a primal transformation. Drama critic Ruby Cohn writes: The Emperor Jones ​is at once a gripping drama about an oppressed American black, a modern tragedy about a hero with a flaw, an expressionist quest play probing to the racial roots of the protagonist; above all, it is more highly theatrical than its European analogues, gradually quickening the tom-tom from normal pulse-rhythm, stripping away colorful costume to the naked man beneath, subordinating dialogue to innovative lighting in order to illuminate an individual and his racial heritage. As much as he was a playwright, ONeill was a social critic who abhorred ignorance and prejudice. At the same time, while the play demonizes colonialism, the main character exhibits many immoral qualities.   Jones is by no means a role model character. African-American playwrights such as Langston Hughes, and later on Lorraine Hansberry, would create plays that celebrated the courage and compassion of black Americans. This is something not seen in ONeills work, which focuses on the turbulent lives of derelicts, both black and white. Ultimately, the diabolical nature of the protagonist leaves modern audiences wondering whether or not The Emperor Jones did more harm than good. The Childrens Hour Lillian Hellmans 1934 drama about a little girls destructive rumor touches upon what was once an incredibly taboo subject: lesbianism. Because of its subject matter, The Childrens Hour was banned in Chicago, Boston, and even London. The play tells the story of Karen and Martha, two close (and very platonic) friends and colleagues. Together, they have established a successful school for girls. One day, a bratty student claims that she witnessed the two teachers romantically entwined. In a witch-hunt style  frenzy, accusations ensue, more lies are told, parents panic and innocent lives are ruined. The most tragic event occurs during the plays climax. Either in a moment of exhausted confusion or stress-induced enlightenment, Martha confesses her romantic feelings for Karen. Karen tries to explain that Martha is simply tired  and that she needs to rest. Instead, Martha walks into the next room (off-stage) and shoots herself. Ultimately, the shame unleashed by the community became too great, Marthas feelings too difficult to accept, thus ending with a needless suicide. Although perhaps tame by todays standards, Hellmans drama paved the way for a more open discussion about social and sexual mores, ultimately leading to more modern (and equally controversial) plays, such as: Angels in AmericaTorch Song TrilogyBentThe Laramie Project Considering a rash of recent suicides due to rumors, school bullying, and hate crimes against young gays and lesbians, The Childrens Hour has taken on a new-found relevancy.   Mother Courage and Her Children Written by Bertolt Brecht in the late 1930s, Mother Courage is a stylistic yet grimly disturbing depiction of the horrors of war. The title character is a cunning female protagonist who believes that she will be able to profit from war. Instead, as the war rages on for twelve years, she beholds the death of her children, their lives vanquished by the culminating violence. In a particularly grisly scene, Mother Courage watches the body of her recently executed son being tossed into a pit. Yet she does not acknowledge him for fear of being identified as the mother of the enemy. Although the play is set in the 1600s, the anti-war sentiment resonated amongst audience during its debut in 1939 and beyond. Over the decades, during such conflicts as the Vietnam War and the wars in Iraq  and Afghanistan, scholars and theater directors have turned to Mother Courage and Her Children, reminding audiences of the horrors of war. Lynn Nottage was so moved by Brechts work she traveled to war-torn Congo in order to write her intense drama, Ruined. Although her characters exhibit much more compassion than Mother Courage, we can see the seeds of Nottages inspiration. Rhinoceros Perhaps the perfect example of the Theater of the Absurd,  Rhinoceros is based upon a deviously strange concept: Humans are turning into rhinos. No, its not a play about the Animorphs and its not a science-fiction fantasy about were-rhinos (although that would be awesome). Instead, Eugene Ionescos play is a warning against conformity. Many view the transformation from human to rhino as a symbol of conformism. The play is often seen as a warning against the rise of deadly political forces such as Stalinism and fascism. Many believe that dictators such as Stalin and Hitler must have brainwashed the  citizens  as if the population was somehow fooled into accepting an immoral regime. However, in contrast to popular belief, Ionesco demonstrates how some people, drawn toward the bandwagon of conformity, make a conscious choice to abandon their individuality, even their  humanity  and succumb the forces  of society.

Policy and planning tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy and planning tourism - Essay Example Here, we will examine the manner in which the Ministry of Trade and Information Singapore formulates certain economic strategy and the manner in which they are in compliance with the basic economic management philosophy of free market economy and outward oriented economic policies. Accordingly, this paper will also delve into the manner the tourism policies have been formulated so that they comply with the economic strategies to attain robust economic growth in the nation. Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Formulating Economic Policies for Singapore 4 Current Economic Management Philosophy 6 Tourism policy instruments 7 Conclusion 11 Reference 12 Introduction The Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore helps in directing policy formulation with reference to developing industry and trade in Singapore. Its mission is to enhance economic growth and help in creating more job opportunities so as to attain enhanced living standards (MTI, 2013). Formulating Economic Policies for Singapore The Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore formulates certain strategies which drives economic growth. The Economic Strategies Committee of MTI Singapore, came up with several strategies to boost economic growth in the year 2010. ... This may be possible only if productivity increases. For this, the economic policy focussed on productivity – based growth. They realised the need to deepen expertise and skills so as to strengthen each sector and drive economic growth. The strategies formulated needed to focus Singaporeans to spend more time on business activities and tasks. High rate of competency and knowhow is required for conducting high skilled tasks and provide excellent service to customers and enable organizations to innovate, change and align strategy and structures with changing market situations (Economic Strategies Committee Report, 2010). A significant goal of strategizing and implementing government policy is by promoting industrialization. Industrialization is a tool which developing nations like Singapore use to attain augmented economic growth and thereby attain the privilege enjoyed by developed countries (Goh, 2005). Accordingly, the economic strategy has been formulated which supports and promotes innovation and drives growth. The policy formulation were made keeping in mind to aid the international community by striving to decrease carbon emissions. A corporate social responsibility perspective was also considered while formulating the economic strategies in Singapore. Corporate social responsibility is a global topic and may be used in diverse manners in diverse nations. Also the nation has less of corruption and nepotism which further helps in driving growth. The incorporation of corporate social responsibility in various business enterprises has been a critical factor while considering strategy formulation for economic policies in Singapore. The trade practices including imports and exports and foreign direct investment in

Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices Essay

Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices - Essay Example The name of the article itself was the starting point which made me feel surprised. The author was brave enough to question the effectiveness of academic theories taught to students and applied in management and other relative business fields. Thus, for example, Ghoshal (2005, p.75) claimed at the beginning of the article: â€Å"Our theories and ideas have done much to strengthen the management practices that we are all now so loudly condemning†. After reading this phrase I have naturally changed the usual way of my thinking and started to follow the ideas of the author. Idea that â€Å"academic research related to the conduct of business and management has had some very significant and negative influences on the practice of management† has left particular impact on me as well as desire for further investigation (Ghoshal, 2005, p.76). An overall style of the author surprised me by its boldness and open minded approach. Ghoshal’s vision of amoral theories propagat ed by business schools, idea of necessity to reconsider corporate governance issue, idea of positive organizational scholarship and some other thoughts made me to think through. 2. Surprises in JA 2 The second journal article that I have chosen for further analysis also was given loud and provocative name – â€Å"'Damned by our own theories: contradictions between theories and management education† (Donaldson 2002, p.96).

Global Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Global Terrorism Essay As mentioned in the module, countries such as Italy, France, Greece and the United States, at one time or another, gave in to terrorists in what was aptly termed as â€Å"political concessions†. It is, however, my personal opinion that it was the United States who suffered the most from the ramifications of such concessions, setting the climax that culminated in the attack at the World Trade Center. From the very words of an American president, the United States as a matter of policy, does not negotiate nor compromise with terrorists : â€Å"Americans will never make concessions to terrorists- to do so would only invite more terrorism- once we head down that path there would be no end to it, no end to the suffering of innocent people, no end to the bloody ransom all civilized people must pay† (Reagan, 1985). The US Senate (1999) also declared that â€Å"†¦making concessions to terrorists is deplorable†. As history would recount, however, it was the same president who covertly authorized weapons sales to Iran to free American hostages held by a terrorist organization in Lebanon, against the opposition of the then Secretaries of State and Defense (Burns, 2002). In fact, this was the first of a series of many clandestine dealings of the US government with terrorist groups of different countries, in defense of what we call democracy and innocent people. While the US is hailed as a super power by practically all governments in world, the terrorists gained tremendous emotional advantage by forcing a super power in numerous instances to concede to their demands. This, somehow, drove the impetus for the terrorists to forward their interests and devise even more horrible schemes like the 9/11, to further advance their cause and humiliate the most powerful nation in the world. The terrorists have been putting the pressure on the US since the early 1980s, and the US has been allowing them. The terrorists have somehow, mastered their craft in the long run and the 9/11 attack was just an icing on the cake. Staerk (2007) contends that the only response to terrorism that legislators thought of was â€Å"to give more power to the state, and once given, that power will be hard to take back†. Thus, the terrorists were not only successful at humiliating a world power. They were also successful at creating impediments for democracy. Answer to Question No. 2. Definitely, western nations should have acted differently in the face of the Arab oil embargo. Their actions signified their helplessness and their acknowledgment of the importance of Arab oil. This might have even helped in advancing the interests of terrorism further since incarcerated terrorists then were freed for fear of reprisal, in terms of the new weapon which emerged during the mid 70s oil. Western nations should have been more steadfast in their conviction to protect their respective areas from terrorism. They should have brought the terrorists before the law and convicted them based on the crimes they perpetrated and not in terms of how their respective governments put pressure on the prosecuting countries. Western nations should have realized by now that the vaunted oil of the Arab world during the 70s is not that valuable a commodity now in the light of noticeable changes in the map of world oil supply since then, with important new sources of supply coming on stream from the North Sea, Mexico, China, Alaska, and Russia (Perry, 2001). Western nations, particularly the United States should have foreseen that the Arab oil embargo then was a bluff. Shlaes (2001) shares the same opinion and calls the US stance during the mid 1970s as â€Å"old-fashioned oil diplomacy†. Shlaes considers it a greater danger for such â€Å"old-fashioned oil diplomacy† to hinder the U. S. and its allies from combating the threat posed by many Middle Eastern regimes against democracy and world peace. Zycher (in Shlaes, 2001) believes that the real threat, then and now, is that the U. S. national security policy is being designed based from an erroneous insight regarding oil. If the U. S. , either alone or with its allies, succeeds in breaking free with its anxiety over the phantom oil weapon, it will be in a better position to evaluate whether to go easy or take action in chasing and destroying the terrorists. Answer to Question No. 3. I am going to start my argument with a quote from British statesman William Gladstone that â€Å"Justice delayed is justice denied†. Hence, my personal position with respect to this query is : â€Å"under no circumstances should the rights of citizens be curtailed†, even in the name of so called â€Å"general welfare†. Since the rights of citizens, especially the civil liberties, are mandated by the constitution, reducing these rights even only for a specific period of time is unjust. The longer these rights are reduced, the longer justice is denied. Let me, however, support my position with similar positions from the authorities in the field. David Cole (in Soto, 2007), a law professor, believes that denying anyone his basic human rights is wrong and that it undermines the legitimacy of an otherwise legitimate effort. Davis and Silver (2002) disclosed that even though 84 percent of Americans are very concerned or somewhat concerned about a future terrorist attack on the United States, a majority of them are unwilling to relinquish civil liberties in exchange for enhanced security. Majority of the respondents were generally unwilling to bestow the government broader powers to combat terrorism if those powers meant limiting traditional constitutional protections. The American Civil Liberties Union (2003) stressed that anti-terrorism policies that infringe on basic rights whether ethnically-based roundups of innocent persons, or intrusive surveillance of peaceful political activists not only make America less free, but more vulnerable to terrorism. And finally, from two great US statesmen : â€Å"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety† (Franklin, n. d. ); likewise, â€Å"The enlargement of liberty for individual human beings must be the supreme goal and abiding practice of any western society† (Kennedy, n. d. ). References American Civil Liberties Union. (2003, March 20). How Patriot Act 2 Would Further Erode the Basic Checks on Government Power That Keep America Safe and Free . Retrieved January 7, 2008, from http://www. aclu. org/safefree/general/ 17346leg20030320. html. Burns, A. (2002). No Concessions to Terrorists = Arms for Hostages. Retrieved January 6, 2008, from The Truth is Stranger than Fiction: http://teaching. arts. usyd. edu. au/history/hsty3080/3rdYr3080/IranContra/Design/Iran. htm. Davis, D. , Silver, B. (2002, April 23). MSU Study Shows Americans Unwilling to Trade Civil Liberties for Enhanced Security. Retrieved January 7, 2008, from Michigan State University: http://newsroom. msu. edu/site/indexer/471/content. htm. Franklin, B. (2006). Civil Rights. Retrieved January 7, 2008, from Culture of Peace Iniitiative: http://www. cultureofpeace. org/quotes/civilrights-quotes. htm Perry, G. L. (2001, October 24). The War on Terrorism, the World Oil Market and the U. S. Economy. Retrieved January 6, 2008, from Brookings: http://www. brookings. edu/papers/2001/1024terrorism_perry. aspx. Reagan, R. (1985, June 18). No Concessions to Terrorists = Arms for Hostages. Retrieved January 6, 2008, from The Truth is Stranger than Fiction: http://teaching. arts. usyd. edu. au/history/hsty3080/3rdYr3080/IranContra/Design/Iran. htm Shlaes, A. (2001, December 6). Threat of an oil embargo on the U. S. is a bluff. Retrieved January 6, 2008, from Jewish World Review: http://www. jewishworldreview. com/ cols/shlaes120601. asp. Soto, A. (2007, December 6). Panel discusses state of civil liberties. Retrieved January 7, 2008, from The John Hopkins News-Letter: http://media. www. jhunewsletter. com/ media/storage/paper932/news/2004/04/16/News/Panel. Discusses. State. O

The Mask of Ra :: essays research papers

This book sucked, actually I didn't read it, it was to long and I had to little time.456555555555555554gfdgkldf;aslksdd;lfsalf;dsldlf;ksdfBack to essays. Home. Legislative Analysis for the National Minimum Drinking Age Act by Alex Koroknay - Palicz The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is perhaps the law that has the most impact on the day-to-day lives of America's youth since it was signed into law on July 17, 1984. While the 21-year-old drinking age seems imbedded in American society, it is only a recent innovation. Most people do not know that the drinking age was only made a national law in 1984, and only after a determined battle by special interest groups. First and foremost this paper will discuss the history of the drinking age issue in America. Then covering the people involved in this issue. This bill concerned many notable politicians and lobbyists, fighting for it and against it; they left their impact on the future of our nation. These eminent people have gone down in history for the effect they have had on this piece of legislation. Following that this paper will delve into the lengthy process that is required for an idea to become a bill and finally be passed into law. Both houses and several committees exerted their influence on this and helped it on its way. Special interest groups also had a profound effect on this piece of legislation. Finally I will add my own conclusions about the bill and analyze the political process. The history of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act truly started back before Prohibition. The temperance movement used selective prohibition (drinking ages) as a stepping stone approach to their goal of outlawing all alcohol. Finally they did achieve the goal of total Prohibition of alcohol, and in 1919 the 18th amendment to the constitution was ratified. Although do to the seemingly ineffectualness of Prohibition and the change in public opinion, the 18th amendment was in 1933 repealed by the 21st amendment. What followed was a compromise with the lingering temperance movement and the modern drinking age was established. "The political failure of general Prohibition meant that American adults would increasingly focus justifications for alcohol policy less on the perils of drunkenness and more on the tenuous concept that adults can drink properly but youths cannot or should not." (Males 190) From the end of Prohibition until 1984 drinking ages were determined by the states, many of them had the age at 21 while several lowered the age to 18 for the purchase of beer.

Patient Safety

â€Å"There is a huge missed opportunity for health care professionals to contribute to hand hygiene as they miss 1 in 2 of all hand cleaning opportunities. † –WHO, 2006 â€Å"What kills women with childbed fever is you doctors who carry deadly microbes from sick women to healthy ones! †Ã¢â‚¬â€Louis Pasteur, 1870 1 . 1. Background of the Study 1. 1. 1. Nosocomial infection burden Nosocomial infections or healthcare acquired infections can truly be a grave toll for hospital management as much as it is for end-beneficiaries, customers, and stakeholders.Mortality reaches 80,000 annually ; 3 patients die per minute ; 10-20% % incidence globally, and figures are expectedly higher in Third World settings. This is not to mention the corollary problem of emerging microorganisms resistant to overuse of prophylactic and anticipatory shotgun antibiotic therapy as empirical solution. The damage wrought is paramount, reaching a cost of one billion pounds per year in Europe a lone, resulting from these. 1 excluding priceless, needless mortalities and morbidities 1 1. 1. 2.Role of Hand Hygiene Institute of Medicine has identified nosocomial Infection to be the most common complication for hospital patients and hands are the most common mode of transmission. In 1991, Harvard Practice Study on adverse events in health care indicated that surgical site infections were the second most frequent type of adverse event for inpatients, constituting 13%. One study established an excess mortality caused by NI to as high as 44% in ICU patients. 2 In a local study at Makati Medical Center by Tupasi & Littaua, mortality rate was reported to be all NI cases documented 4. 6 % of n the intensive care unit , and authors conclude that risk factors included invasive and manipulative procedures. â€Å"Majority of deaths from NI were associated with the use of respiratory equipment and Foley catheters which were potentially preventable by strict adherence to aseptic technique s†. 3 1. 1. 3 Reality of Poor Compliance Despite it being a seemingly simple practice, and despite the acknowledged fact that proper hand hygiene is considered the most critical, the most cost-effective measure of adequate infection program, compliance behavior management has been a protracted managerial headache globally.Indeed in our age of ever increasing sophistication, those seemingly simple practices but with grave implications ironically are difficult to address. While the techniques involved in hand hygiene are simple, the complex interdependence of factors that determine hand hygiene behavior makes the study and management of hand hygiene complex. 2 1. 1. 4. Hand Hygiene Compliance : A Managerial Challenge It is now recognized that improving compliance with hand hygiene recommendations depends on altering human behavior and managing the environment.Input from behavioral and social sciences is essential when designing studies to investigate compliance. Interventions to increase compliance with hand hygiene practices must be appropriate for different cultural and social need4 Speaking for all levels of health care workers , probably the major reason this seemingly simple problem is always taken for granted is the reality that the impact of something not so visible daily to the naked eye will always be swept under the rug amidst more outright demands concerns in patient care.The rest of the justifications like forgetfulness, lack of time, inconvenience, complications, etc. are simply alibis. Given this, the greater burden falls on health care managers to do something so that compliance can be improved, and for health sector in general to come up with more evidence-based materials to convince HCW as well as policy-makers and managers about its importance. 1. 1. 5 Nosocomial Infection & Patient Safety Nosocomial infection control is a large part of patient safety, whose importance is currently being highlighted in the light of increasing adverse even ts which are at most preventable.Prior to this study, the researcher delved into assessing the patient safety culture profile of QMMC, as a general backgrounder, and as part of re-packaging a new approach to an old problem. 3 1. 2. Statement of the Problem Understanding the patient safety culture profile of Quirino Memorial Medical Center gives us the over-all conceptual perspective to the problem at hand. The researcher finds it convenient to discuss it in terms of the Donabedian theme. 1. 2. 1. The Macroenvironment’s Patient Safety Profile 1. 2. 1. 1.The QMMC Patient Safety Structure In alignment with the recent health care thrust, QMMC has revised in 2008 its mission to being â€Å" a tertiary hospital providing a safe, accessible, affordable quality specialized healthcare that is dynamically responsive to the needs of its patients. † Its unwavering commitment is towards delivering health care to all its clients regardless of socio-economic status and to continuousl y upgrade the services offered in terms of technical expertise, support service, equipment and infrastructure. Patient safety is first and foremost in its goals.Its core values include cleanliness in all aspects including the physical environ, and Its fourth priority is â€Å" to develop and sustain a hospital environment that embraces and practices a culture of safety†. The 7 core values it internalizes include the 7Cs: clean physically, mentally, spiritually, Christ-centered, compassionate, competent, culture-friendly, community-oriented, communicative. At this time, the plus factor is having a medical director who is passionate about the cause, much involved in regular meetings with Department of Health advocates on the matter. â€Å"In QMMC, Dr.Rosalinda Arandia is seen as a charismatic figure in the improvement of health and medical 4 services offered by the hospital and in making recommendations on and implementing the hospital’s quality improvement program. â⠂¬  5 QMMC is a 350-bed national government hospital that stands in a 42,000-sqm lot between Katipunan Avenue and JP Rizal St, Project 4 Quezon City, Metro Manila. It has in recent years undergone a major upgrading and expansion of its buildings and facilities. Compared to the old infrastructure, the new building and facilities, provide a more sophisticated ambience.Better equipment and architectural upgrading seem to inspire and motivate employees, and the architectural design seems to promote greater staff interaction and communication. Its occupancy rate is 120%. . QMMC is a corporatized government hospital, still waiting for complete privatization. When faced with budgetary constraints and too bureaucratic processes they generate their own resources through private solicitations, the biggest of which are donations and affiliation fees from training institutions.As to equipment & supplies due to its being a government hospital, only about 60% of its equipment and supplies are pr ovided for and is functioning at any given time. Maintenance and regular checks are being done and complied with as required. It has a total of 564 employees, 35% of whom are contractual. Among the permanent about half have worked for more than 10 years. Among the 549 employees, 159 are doctors (consultants, residents, interns) , 180 are nurses and 225 are administrative personnel. This number does not include those who are fielded from affiliate institutions for training, such as clinical clerks and allied 5 rofessions (nursing, pulmonary therapy, radiologic therapy, medical technology, dental, dietary, midwifery and caregiving). For the consultants and doctors, ratio to patient load is quite acceptable.There are 69 resident physicians and 55 interns. In the wards, roughly the ratio is 1:5 per day; however in the out-patient department, the staff ratio is much higher 1:25 . In the intensive care unit, ratio can be improved to as good as 1:2 depending on the number of rotators from affiliate hospitals , for all professional groups. Attitudes of staff are an important aspects of culture. In QMMC, initial preliminary interviews ith staff revealed that there is some awareness of the concept of patient safety, in all levels of care and even administrative strata. Incident reporting is very minimal such as it is generally perceived that underreporting is rampant. 1. 2. 1. 2 The QMMC Patient Safety Process Profile Teamwork in respective clinical areas is perceived to be good by key administrators, although with the high rate of staff turnover due to training hospital affiliations, this is affected more often than not in a negative fashion. In terms of feedback and communication, there is no systematic evaluation of staff performance .QMMC has been active in the Patient Safety Task Force of the Department of Health. Underway are devising standardized hospital forms, such as interdepartmental referral forms to enhance communication and lower risks of errors being comm itted in patient care. 6 In lieu of risk reduction, hand hygiene educational program has been recently revived by the Infectious Disease Team headed by Dr. James Tiu. Educational trainings as well as policy reinforcement are being conducted as the need arises among nursing staff. 1. 2. 1. 3. The QMMC Patient Safety Outcome ProfileAt the time of study, there were no baseline data available as indicators such as compliance rates, nosocomial infection rates, or patient satisfaction surveys. There are no performance indicators that can be used as feedbacks to improve standards of care. This is a work in progress and hopefull this study becomes a tiny contribution. 1. 2. 2. QMMC’s UncontrolledNosocomial Infection Problem Analyzing the above profile of QMMC, and amidst the track record of physical and service upgrading efforts, the main problem of the hospital regarding patient safety is still nosocomial infection control.Evidences of uncontrolled nosocomial infection are certain o ccurrences pointing to infection control problems in QMMC in the past 12 months have caused alarm, as follows: (a) Post-surgical wound dehiscence Anecdotal incidents of nosocomial infection getting out of control have been almost part of everyday work in a public hospital like QMMC. However, a situation that occurred last AugustOctober 2008 was particularly notable, wherein dehiscence occurred in a succession of ten postsurgical patients in two wards including the surgical ICU, during Day 5 to Day 11 of their hospital stay.Culture studies revealed the usual notorious nosocomial Proteus microorganisms, E. coli, and 7 Staphylococcus areus , responsive to very expensive intravenous third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, with or without re-suturing of the wounds (Appendix 1) . 6 Aside from the cost of these medications, the prolonged hospital stay with all its accompanying indirect costs to both patient and hospital were staggering. (b) Perennially high incidence of ICU pn eumonias and urinary tract infectionsBased on the latest QMMC Morbidity and Mortality Audit 2008, 7 among ICU patients hooked to ventilators for protracted duration, nosocomial pneumonias are still the leading cause of death. 1. 2. 3. Need for upgrading quality of hand hygiene practice During one root cause analysis done by the management, the Infectious Disease Committee, and the department concerned with the last year’s outbreak of dehiscence, the senior management surmised that the root problem or one of the root problems could be failure for proper andwashing among health staff. The intervention consisted of culture and sensitivity tests followed by proper antibiotic coverage. Policy on handwashing was also tightened up in terms of posting reminders on doors and walls and subsequent refresher educational modules by the Infectious Disease Head were conducted among nursing staff. However, no actual monitoring or evaluation of hand hygiene practices were done .Despite educat ional training interventions, and despite the presence institutional policies posted on walls and doors, compliance to the practice among QMMC hospital staff has persisted to be unsatisfactory. 8 1. 3. Objectives of the Study GENERAL OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of a hand hygiene intervention package to QMMC MICU and SICU, using comparison of intervention.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES In more detail, this study aimed to : (a) Characterize the current hand hygiene practices in QMMC ICU according to its using structure-process-outcome dimensions; (b) Craft and implement an intervention package addressing manipulable areas of the structure issues identified in the structure-process-outcome dimensions of hand hygiene practices; (c) Measure hand hygiene structure-process-outcome variables as a function of healthcare worker factors and work area factors , pre- and post-intervention, as a way to evaluate impact of above intervention. d) Formulate recommendations to the QMMC m anagement and its stakeholders based on the findings and lessons learned. structure-process-outcome variables pre- and post- 9 1. 4. Significance of the Study The study is valuable in the following general areas of health concern: (a) Infection Control. The study’s advocacy counts very significantly in terms of contributing towards decreasing the grave toll on preventable morbidity and mortality burden on patients and their families.As we see more systematically the outcome of our efforts towards hand hygiene as it impacts infection control, we learn to rely less on antibiotic use which also lead to emergence of resistant microorganisms that are and will be potentially harder to control eventually. This study will then be part of fulfilling what WHO advocates to be done , i. e. â€Å"for better monitoring of outcomes for hand hygiene studies, reduction of infection rates must be demonstrated, high complexity to evaluate, but high priority requirement. 8 (b) Preventive thrust . Hospitals’ mission is supposedly preventive as much as curative. However, review of literature shows that hospitals, even in the First World settings, tend to so conveniently rely on antibiotic use both prophylactically and empirically in managing and controlling nosocomial infections. Hospital care need not be a double-edged sword nor do we need to stop mitigating phenomena which are in our hands to control, if only we heed the evidence-based principles put forth.Prevention remains to be the better direction that health care must devote its resources on. (c) Cost savings. According to WHO, â€Å"direct costs of intervention and indirect costs associated with hand hygiene time & its promotion corresponds to less than 1% of costs of managing nosocomial infection. Studies on the costs of nosocomial infection caused its toll in terms of protracted hospital stay, expensive drug and antibiotic acquisition in addition to intensive care 10 nit stay, hematological, biochemical, mi crobiological and radiological tests, extra surgical procedures and working hours. (d) Healthcare management learning. WHO asserts that â€Å"measurement of the compliance of health care workers to hand hygiene measures is a recommended performance indicator of the quality of care†. (e) Compliance behavior management has been a protracted universal problem, as lack of interventional studies to convince policy makers, esp. local, both government and private, predispose health care systems prevalent to sustain awareness and implementation.With the lack of attention given to the problem’s facets and determinants, this study can be a humble contribution. Relevance of this study to the institution and its various stakeholders include the following: (a) Study institution. Often, organizations take action based on some comparison of their measures to a set of benchmark measures. Armed with specific incidents about the organization's culture, effective action plans flow logica lly and integrate into existing change processes.QMMC can better select programs and tailor-fit strategies that will be most beneficial to upgrade the attitudes and mindset of the employees, to design the working environment, and to align with its vision-mission pursuit of quality and safety , and better service to patients. It will be helped to see patient and hospital outcomes in a better light. It will eventually have a baseline which will be useful for tracking impact of certain interventions for a sense of comparison. As it uses internationally known research methods, it will provide 1 internal as well as external benchmarking, especially with national government hospitals, both international and local. (b) Leadership. Since QMMC under the present leadership is into the process of advocating patient safety as a goal, this study will help them examine alignments of their policies and systems with their vision-mission statements , goals and core values. Later on when like in inte rnational settings and patient safety will be a government regulatory requirement, this hospital can provide benchmarking. (c) Hospital staff.This study provides the staff the much-needed feedback about themselves, the colleagues they work with, and the patients they serve. Feedback is the first step to change. Studies such as this are advantageous in themselves in that it just the simple process of assessment baseline will in itself raise awareness of not only patient safety, specifically, infection control, but of the need for structure (staff attitudes) as well as process variables (teamwork, communication) relevant to safety and other hospital performance.Moreover, they themselves can be target victims of nosocomial infection, so that studies like this could help boost their safety as well. (d) Affiliate training healthcare institutions. The importance of good hand hygiene practice and its observance will be highlighted among the trainees from more than 20 various health care sc hools, a value that they will most likely carry back to their respected institutions .This is rather crucial and innovative as patient safety, specifically preventive practices to 12 nosocomial control such as hand hygiene are not yet that well-emphasized in the traditional medical and para-medical curricula. (e) Hospital management trainees. The results of this study can be a benchmarking study to compare, study and upgrade other hospitals, both local and international. The study becomes a venue to validate some of the tools that will be used for the first time locally.Results of the study can be utilized by trainees for future research on patient safety and infection control and behavior modification techniques. (f) Healthcare community. This study will help control NI, emergence of resistant organisms for similar government hospitals. It provides significant research for Department of Health which is specific on approaching infection control through Total Quality Management asses sment and strategies under their recent thrust on patient safety and quality assurance.Since QMMC could very well be a good prototype of the other government hospitals , the results of this study can largely be of help in implementing the various enabling mechanisms stated in the Philhealth Benchbook. 9 (g) Patients. Above all, since awareness, education , and practice towards patient safety, specifically infection control will be highlighted in this study, the end beneficiary would ultimately be the patients and their families and guests whom this institution is servicing, no matter how indirect and long-term this impact would be. 3 1. 5 . Scope and Limitations of the Study †¢ Being a primarily TQM research project, this study does not attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationship between hand hygiene and nosocomial infection . †¢ This study does not include cost estimates and budgetary implications of intervention if eventually adopted by study institution. †¢ Relative merits of the specific parts of the intervention is beyond the scope of the design.†¢ Time and budget constraints were real such that research design were limited in various ways and means. . 6. Definition of Terms and Acronyms TERMS: For purposes of clarity and reference in the discussions all throughout this study, the following definitions and acronyms would be used and referred to: Hand hygiene (HH)- refers to one of the areas in infection control that deals with systems of diminishing pathogenic microbe transmission through evidence-based philosophy and set of practices regarding the hands in relation to direct patient handling during the process of care. 0 14 Hand hygiene practice/practices (HHP) – refer/s to any form of action referable to disinfecting the hands prior to and after patient handling, in the most basic terms defined as â€Å"washing hands with soap/water or (rubbing with) disinfectant, for at least 15 seconds before and after patient contac t, after any contact with a source of microorganism, and after removing gloves†. ( Healthcare Infection Control Practice Advisory ).Hand hygiene event (HHE) – defined as the event involving any of the HH practices (washing, rubbing with disinfectant, donning with gloves) done before or after patient contact; (if both done before and after, they are considered independent events ; if both washing and donning with /removing gloves are done during one instance, it was counted as one event; this regardless of the correctness or adherence to other details as presently prescribed by currently available universal guidelines. 1 Hand hygiene opportunity (HH0) – defined as any event with a high-risk of microbial transmission, executed before and/or immediately after patient contact, regardless of whether gloves. They included all contact with body fluids, or involving manipulative contact with anything in the patient’s body or immediate environment .Over-all hand hy giene compliance – includes all hand hygiene-related behavior in accordance with current institutional , (in this study, QMMC’s ) policy â€Å" to wash hands before and after patient contact† regardless of its alignment with the most currently recommended international standards based on indication, technique, cleansing agent and duration ; this by strict classification based in literature definition, falls under â€Å"incomplete compliance†. 12 15Complete compliance- refers to all hand hygiene-related practices aligned with the most-updated, most current evidence-based globally recommended guidelines, as required by WHO guidelines 2006 (with QMMC, being a government hospital). Hand hygiene structure-refers to staff factors and work area factors. Staff factors include inherent demographic characteristics, such as professional group, age, sex and duration of service. It also refers to more malleable factors such as staff attitude and training.Work area fac tors refer to existing policies or specific protocol, logistic infrastructure and supplies, staff volume, patient volume, hospital type, work settings, organizational structure, etc. Hand hygiene process- refers to practice as to how it is done in terms of indication for method, duration, temporal relation to patient contact, cleansing and technique, and how it abides to the currently recommended evidence-based a guideline or protocol .Hand hygiene outcome- refers to measurable events or indicators, for both patients, employees as well as organization; like overall healthcare worker compliance rates, as well as indirect outcomes of good hand hygiene proven in literature, such as nosocomial infection rates, transmission rates, colonization rates. ACRONYMS: For purposes of brevity of certain words and identities mentioned quite repeatedly all throughout the study, the following apply: 6 HCW- Healthcare worker; refers to any staff involved with direct handling of patients in a health f acility NI- nosocomial infection; also HAI (healthcare acquired infection); refers to infection developing after 48 hours after admission or confinement in a health care facility. ABHR- alcohol-based hand rub-refers to a hand rub disinfectant with any alcohol of any concentration as the basic ingredient.

Tecsmart Electronics Case Study

CASE STUDY: CHAPTER 2 I. TECSMART ELECTRONICS 1. ) Discuss how the practices that TecSmart identified support Deming’s 14 points. * Create a Vision  and demonstrate commitment- The senior leaders set objectives (mission and vision) and strategic goals of the company. * Learn the new philosophy- The company uses customer feedback, and market research to learn new philosophy and improve quality of work. * Institute trainings – All employees are trained in a 5-step problem solving process and undergo customer relationship training. Improve Constantly and Forever – New product introduction teams work with design engineers and customers to ensure that design requirements are met during the manufacturing and testing. The company goes for a market research to come up with new products and designs. 2. ) How do these practices support the Baldrige criteria? Specifically, identify which of the questions in the criteria each of these practices address. * Leadership â€⠀œ Senior leaders guide cross-functional teams to review and develop individual plans for representation to employees. Strategic Planning- Senior leaders set company objectives * Customer and Market Focus- All complaints are handled by the vice president of sales. All employees received customer relationship training. * Human resource focus- All employees were trained for handling problems. * Process Management – All employees trained in 5 step problem solving process. * Business Results – Quality is assessed through internal audits, employee opinion surveys, and customer feedback. 3. ) What are some obvious opportunities for improvement relative to the Baldrige criteria?What actions would you recommend that TecSmart do to improve its pursuit of performance excellence using Baldrige criteria? * Key results areas were not defined. * The organization must become active in its governance and social responsibility measures. * Lack of performance measure system that looks i nto real time marketplace performance, and operational performance. II. Can Six Sigma Work in Health Care? 1. What would be your agenda for this meeting? Stress about accountability and recognize any achievements. 2. What questions would you need answered before proposing a Six Sigma implementation plan?Questions like does everyone understand our goal why we are implementing this Six Sigma plan and how it can help us improve. Question about S-M-A-R-T should also take into consideration. (Is it systematic, measureable, attainable, realistic, time bound? ) 3. How would you design an infrastructure to support Six Sigma at SLRMC? I will let everyone know that the effectively of Six Sigma depend on making decisions that are critical to your customers and the health of your business. it forces us to think strategically and critically where to allocate our limited resources to fix the most critical issues. CDL

Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd

Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd Though it is generally considered that people should come up with their own solutions to the problems and that it is unreasonable and even absurd to make decisions based on what the others tell one, it cannot be denied that the opinion of the crowd matters much when it comes to the deciding point.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind: Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the idea of crowd thinking is rather vague and ambiguous; while its negative aspects are well known, its advantages are also often mentioned. In addition, the very definition of group thinking stretches from taking the opinions of others into account to making a mixed decision based on what the entire group thinks is right. An issue truly worth researching, group thinking is the focus of the given paper. There have been many attempts to describe the phenomenon of group mind or at least to show how potentially destructive group mind can be in every meaning of the word. One of the most famous and by far the most controversial researches on the topic, Zimbargo’s The Stanford Prison Experiment offers a number of opportunities to find a definition to the phenomenon of a group mind. A research that involved a prison simulation has shown that people quickly accept the attitudes and the behavioral patterns that a newly acquired social status offers them; moreover, once one of the group members starts acting in a certain way, the rest of the group members considers the given behavior acceptable. The given change cannot be attributed to the group members’ aptitude to violence: â€Å"Rather, the subjects’ abnormal social and personal reactions are best seen as a product of their transaction with an environment that supported the behavior that would be pathological in other settings, but was â€Å"appropriate† in this prison † (Zimbargo 742). As Zimbargo’s research shows, the people who were supposed to play the role of the â€Å"guard† were not instructed to be violent and harsh towards the â€Å"prisoners†. However, because of a range of factors, starting with the choice of the uniform for the â€Å"guard† and the â€Å"prisoners† and up to the fact that the prisoners were not supposed to have names, the group mind made the â€Å"guard† change their attitude towards the â€Å"prisoners† and became even more violent. Judging by the given example, it can be concluded that a group mind is a phenomenon that makes people within a certain group develop a common type of behavior that can help them stay in a leader’s position. Another peculiar study worth taking a glance at is Doris Lessing’s â€Å"Group Minds.† Unlike the previous study, the given one offers a definition to what a group mind actually is; As the author explains, †Å"When were in a group, we tend to think as that group does† (Lessing, 1989). Therefore, group mind is a phenomenon that makes every single member of the group follow the group’s choice. However, putting the issue the way in which Doris Lessing has put it raises even more questions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, In Zimbargo’s study, it was clear where the moods that were brooding in the group came from – the social roles of a guard and a prisoner already have an underlying idea of punishment, which results in a violent attitude towards the â€Å"imprisoned.† In Doris Lessing’s essay, however, there is no setup – the author does not provide any specific situation, merely stating the obvious. Therefore, in Lessing’ understanding, there will always be a factor that predetermines the mood of the group and th e course of decisions that it is going to take. Hence, the definition of a group mind can be taken to a different level; group thinking can be defined as people’s aptitude to come to a single decision or manner of conduct within a certain group disregarding the specifics of the individuals’ personalities. A slightly different idea of a group mind is offered by Ian McEwan in his Atonement. As the previous experience with Lessing’s story showed, the course of group thinking can be changed by different factors; however, Lessing does not define these factors. McEwan, on the contrary, almost shoves these factors in the reader’s face from the very beginning; called Obedience to authority, the chapter from Atonement makes it crystal clear that under the influence of authority, group thinking can be bent any way possible. Every single sentence in the novel stresses the influence that the crowd has on a personality; the idea of a group mind is exercised mostly thr ough the images of a physical pressure of the crowd, which makes the idea even stronger: â€Å"The exultant crowd exploded from the bar like champagne, hurling Turner and Netty aside† (McEwan 749). Judging by McEwan’s work, a group mind is a power that can be controlled only by an authority and that takes no account of the opinion of an individual member of the crowd. Adding a final touch to the collection of definitions for the group mind, Solomon Arch’s essay on opinions and social pressure helps define a group mind by discussing the impacts that the choices of a group mind have on an individual (Arch). In fact, the phenomenon of group mind can also be interpreted from a different position. There is actually a definition of the group mind phenomenon that does not involve the presence of a person who is supposed to control and channel the group mind into performing a certain action, accepting certain types of behavior, etc., in contrast to the theories above. A liva has analyzed in great detail the works of Freud, Le Bon and McDougal, the man who actually coined the term â€Å"group mind,† to come to a conclusion that a group mind is an intersection of every single individual mind of a specific group. Aliva claims that â€Å"individuals’ minds are like affluent rivers feeding the common ocean of the group mind† (Aliva, 2010, 262). Hence, a group mind does not necessarily need a controlling agent – unless it has one, it creates one by itself.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind: Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summarizing the ideas that the authors of the five readings discussed above are trying to convey, one can conclude that a group mind is a phenomenon that occurs within a group of people and presupposes that they are going to make similar decisions – or , in case of a group decision, forcing the rest of the members to follow the crowd, – exercise similar behavioral patterns and develop similar attitudes. Group thinking means that none of the group members considers the personal opinion of another member; moreover, it presupposes that the members do not have their personal judgments. Instead, they choose the easiest or the acceptable manner of conduct and are very easy to control. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of group thinking is rather widespread, it is very hard to nail down the essence of group thinking. According to the results of the discussion above group thinking can be defined as the decision-making process that is carried out within a group and that presupposes that each member of the group follows the rest of the crowd blindly. Therefore, a group mind is an intrinsically scary phenomenon that cannot be controlled and, therefore, can lead to the most deplorable results, which the works above display in the mo st graphic way. Aliva, L. A. (2010). Psychosomatic symptoms and the â€Å"group mind.† Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83, 255–271. Asch, Solomon. Opinions and Social Pressure. 1955. Web. panarchy.org/asch/social.pressure.1955.html. Lessing, Doris. Group Minds. 1989. PDF file. Web. https://www.ucop.edu/elwr/sample1989.html.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McEwan, Ian. From Atonement. n. d. PDF file. 745-750. Print. Zimbargo, Philip. The Stamford Prison Experiment. n. d. PDF file. 732-743. Print.

Single-Parent Children Behavior

Single-Parent Children Behavior SINGLE-PARENT CHILDREN BEHAVIOR Based on census information, the number of children being raised in a single-parent home is on the rise. It always causes negative implications for children. When children have both parents, they tend to have better educational and financial advantages. Many people dont even realize how much a childs behavior is impacted when it comes to being raised in a single-parent home. Find out more by reading below. Impact on Academics Many single-parent homes are run by mothers. Beyond not having a father, there is also the chance that household income will be lower for these single-parent households. When you combine all of this together, it tends to increase the chance that the children are going to end up performing badly in school. Because many fathers arent providing financial support to the children, it makes mothers work harder to make ends meet. Working harder takes mothers a lot of time. As a result, Â  they have no time for their children. In turn, children dont have a parent readily available to assist them with completing their homework. If the other parent sent money to the single parent raising the child, it would help free up time for that parent to spend it with children. When the children have the emotional support of the non-custodial parent, they often end up doing better in school when compared to children who dont have contact with the other parent. You may also be interested in: Perspiration Is Nothing without a Little Bit of Inspiration Junk Food in School The Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds Relieving Students School-Related Stress Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons Impact on Emotions When there is only one person in the house earning an income, it puts the family at risk of being below the poverty level. Families that live in poverty tend to be more stressed. This can carry over to the children and cause them to struggle with low self-esteem, frustration, anger and even violent tendencies. Some children feel as if they are the one to blame for the other parent leaving. They act out on their peers because of their anger at the other parent. Beyond all of the financial struggles, many children end up feeling sad, lonely and abandoned. They struggle to form relationships with other children and connect with them emotionally. While the effects are going to vary from one child to the next, it doesnt get any easier when there is only one parent in the household supporting the family. Impact on Social Life Many children from single-parent households end up withdrawing socially. They tend to dive into a state of depression and loneliness. This often occurs because the one parent is always working and has no time for children. Because the children are often alone, they tend to feel that they arent wanted or that the parent doesnt care. When the children enter the state of loneliness, they end up turning away from their peers and spend most of their time in their bedroom alone. This can cause a number of problems for children. Everything you do in life involves communicating with someone at some point. This is why it is so important for children to feel like they can come to their parent and talk about how they are feeling and what they need help with. Otherwise, it is only going to end up causing them, even more, problems later on in life when they try to get a job or even find a mate. Even though it isnt all that easy to be a single parent. Spend more time communicating with children and make sure that they have everything they need to succeed in life. In time, you will be able to work your way through the whole ordeal and grow to form a long-lasting bond.

Beck Manufacturing and Plan Capacity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beck Manufacturing and Plan Capacity - Assignment Example Therefore, for the expansion of the capacity, this is the centre where Beck Company should be putting its focus. By definition, a bottleneck is an operation with the least effective capacity of a given operation in any machine centre and hence thwarts the systems output. Therefore, based on the individual capacity of the machine centers, boring operation centre is a bottleneck that restricts the output to 11.25 pieces per hour, while the operation with the maximum highest capacity is grinding centre with 78.75 pieces per hour. This means that for boring to reach this capacity, it will require 67.50 extra capacity. According to Vonderembse, & White, (2013), meaningful expansion of the system’s capacity can only take place when the bottleneck is expanded. Initially, increasing capacity of the boring operation without expanding that of drilling, milling and grinding would ultimately expand the capacity of the system. However, when the boring operating capacity reaches 78.75 pieces per hour, drilling, milling and grinding operations must also be increased at the same time further expand the capacity of the system. In sizing capacity cushions, an average usage rate should not reach a 100 percent and if this happens, that shows a sign to expand the capacity or reduce order acceptance to prevent declining the productivity of the system. Vonderembse & White (2013) defines capacity cushion as the amount of reserve capacity that a business organization upholds to take care of any unexpected boom in demand or impermanent losses of production capacity; On the other hand, Mr. Beck can apply timing and Sizing Expansion strategy and in this strategy, he ought to understand when to expand the capacity and by how much. There are two tremendous strategies, which are the expansionist strategy that entails huge, infrequent jumps in capacity, and that of wait-and-see strategy, which entails lesser, more frequent